The Comics Journal

The Comics Journal, often abbreviated TCJ, is an American magazine of news and criticism pertaining to comic books, comic strips and graphic novels. Known for its lengthy interviews with comic creators, pointed editorials and scathing reviews of the products of the mainstream comics industry, the magazine promotes the view that comics are a fine art meriting broader cultural respect, and thus should be evaluated with higher critical standards.

History
In 1976, Gary Groth and Michael Catron acquired The Nostalgia Journal, a small competitor of the newspaper adzine The Buyer's Guide for Comics Fandom. At the time, Groth and Catron were already publishing Sounds Fine, a similarly formatted adzine for record collectors that they had started after producing Rock 'N Roll Expo '75, held during the July 4 weekend in 1975 in Washington, D.C.

The publication was relaunched as The New Nostalgia Journal with issue No. 27 (July 1976), and with issue No. 32 (January 1977), it became The Comics Journal ("a quality publication for the serious comics fan"). Issue No. 37 (December 1977) adopted a magazine format.

In addition to lengthy interviews with comics industry figures, the Journal has always published criticism—and received it in turn. Starting in the early 2000s, the Journal published a series of annual specials combining its usual critical format with extended samples of comics from specially selected contributors.

With issue No. 300 (November 2009), The Comics Journal ceased its semi-monthly print publication. TCJ shifted from an eight-times a year publishing schedule to a larger, more elaborate, semi-annual format supported by a new website.

Lawsuits
Over the years The Journal has been involved in a handful of lawsuits. Artist Rich Buckler attempted legal action for a review that called him a plagiarist while printing his panels next to earlier and quite similar Jack Kirby art. A Groth interview with science fiction writer Harlan Ellison sparked a lawsuit by writer Michael Fleisher, over an informal discussion of Fleisher's work and temperament. Co-defendants Groth and Ellison won the case, but emerged from the suit estranged.

Ellison later became a plaintiff against the Comics Journal, filing suit in part to enjoin The Comics Journal Library: The Writers, a 2006 Fantagraphics book that reprinted the Ellison interview, and which used a cover blurb calling Ellison a "Famous Comics Dilettante." That case was ultimately settled, with Fantagraphics agreeing to omit both the blurb and the interview from any future printings of the book, Ellison agreeing to post a Groth rebuttal statement on Ellison's webpage, and both sides agreeing to avoid future "ad hominem attacks."

The Journal has on occasion published, as cover features, lengthy court transcripts of comics-related civil suits. Notable instances include the Fleisher suit and Marv Wolfman's failed suit against Marvel Comics over ownership of the character Blade.

Content
The Journal features critical essays, articles on comics history and lengthy interviews, conducted by Gary Groth and others. Noteworthy interviews include Gil Kane in No. 38, Steve Gerber in No. 41, Harlan Ellison in No. 53, Dennis O'Neil in No. 64, Robert Crumb in No. 113, and Charles M. Schulz in #200.

The Journal ' s combination of forthright news coverage and critical analysis – although the norm for traditional journalistic enterprises – was in sharp contrast to the affectionate and promotional methods of publications like Comics Buyer's Guide and (later) Wizard. In 1995, publisher Gary Groth joked that his magazine occupied "a niche that nobody wants."

Staff members and regular contributors
Gary Groth has been the Journal's publisher and nominal editor for almost all of its existence. Staff members and regular contributors have included Kim Thompson, Greg Stump, Eric Millikin, Eric Reynolds, Ng Suat Tong, R. Fiore, R.C. Harvey, Kenneth Smith, Don Phelps, Robert Boyd, Tom Heintjes, Michael Dean, Tom Spurgeon, Robert Rodi, Gene Phillips, Marilyn Bethke, Cat Yronwode, Heidi MacDonald, Lee Wochner, Arn Saba, Ted White, Bob Levin, Carter Scholz, and Noah Berlatsky. Guest contributors have included Dave Sim and Trina Robbins.

Managing editors

 * Carole Sobocinski, 198?
 * Greg S. Baisden, 1988–1989
 * Robert Boyd, 198?–1990
 * Helena Harvilicz, 1990–1992
 * Frank Young, 1992–1994
 * Tom Spurgeon, 1994–1999 (also executive editor 1998–1999)
 * Eric Evans and Darren Hick, 1999–2001
 * Anne Elizabeth Moore, 2001–2002
 * Milo George, 2002–2004
 * Dirk Deppey, 2004–2006
 * Michael Dean, 2006–2011 (Last managing editor)

Online editors

 * Kristy Valenti, 2010–2011
 * Dan Nadel and Tim Hodler, 2011–present

The Journal's Top 100 Comics list
The Journal published a 20th-century comics canon in its 210th issue (February 1999). To compile the list, eight contributors and editors made eight separate top 100 (or fewer than 100 for some) lists of American works. These eight lists were then informally combined, and tweaked into an ordered list.


 * 1) Krazy Kat by George Herriman
 * 2) Peanuts by Charles Schulz
 * 3) Pogo by Walt Kelly
 * 4) Maus by Art Spiegelman
 * 5) Little Nemo in Slumberland by Winsor McCay
 * 6) Feiffer by Jules Feiffer
 * 7) Donald Duck by Carl Barks
 * 8) Mad Comics by Harvey Kurtzman and various
 * 9) Binky Brown Meets the Holy Virgin Mary by Justin Green
 * 10) The Weirdo stories of Robert Crumb
 * 11) Thimble Theatre by E.C. Segar
 * 12) EC's "New Trend" war comics by Harvey Kurtzman and various
 * 13) Wigwam Bam (L&R) by Jaime Hernandez
 * 14) Blood of Palomar (L&R) by Gilbert Hernandez
 * 15) The Spirit by Will Eisner
 * 16) RAW Magazine, edited by Art Spiegelman and Françoise Mouly
 * 17) The Acme Novelty Library by Chris Ware
 * 18) Polly and Her Pals by Cliff Sterrett
 * 19) The Sketchbooks of Robert Crumb
 * 20) Uncle Scrooge by Carl Barks
 * 21) The New Yorker cartoons of Peter Arno
 * 22) The Death of Speedy Ortíz (L&R) by Jaime Hernandez
 * 23) Terry and the Pirates by Milton Caniff
 * 24) Flies on the Ceiling (L&R) by Jaime Hernandez
 * 25) Wash Tubbs by Roy Crane
 * 26) The Jungle Book by Harvey Kurtzman
 * 27) Palestine by Joe Sacco
 * 28) The Mishkin saga by Kim Deitch
 * 29) Gasoline Alley by Frank King
 * 30) The Fantastic Four by Stan Lee and Jack Kirby
 * 31) Poison River (L&R) by Gilbert Hernandez
 * 32) Plastic Man by Jack Cole
 * 33) Dick Tracy by Chester Gould
 * 34) The theatrical caricatures of Al Hirschfeld
 * 35) The Amazing Spider-Man by Stan Lee and Steve Ditko
 * 36) Calvin and Hobbes by Bill Watterson
 * 37) Doonesbury by Garry Trudeau
 * 38) The autobiographical comics from Yummy Fur by Chester Brown
 * 39) The editorial cartoons of Pat Oliphant
 * 40) The Kin-der-Kids by Lyonel Feininger
 * 41) From Hell by Alan Moore and Eddie Campbell
 * 42) Ghost World by Daniel Clowes
 * 43) Amphigorey by Edward Gorey
 * 44) The Idiots Abroad (Fabulous Furry Freak Brothers) by Gilbert Shelton and Paul Mavrides
 * 45) Paul Auster's City of Glass by Paul Karasik and David Mazzucchelli
 * 46) Cages by Dave McKean
 * 47) The Buddy Bradley saga by Peter Bagge
 * 48) The cartoons of James Thurber
 * 49) Understanding Comics by Scott McCloud
 * 50) Tantrum by Jules Feiffer
 * 51) The Alec stories of Eddie Campbell
 * 52) It's a Good Life by Seth
 * 53) The editorial cartoons of Herblock
 * 54) EC's "New Trend" horror comics by Al Feldstein and various
 * 55) The Frank stories by Jim Woodring
 * 56) Julius Knipl by Ben Katchor
 * 57) A Contract with God by Will Eisner
 * 58) The New Yorker cartoons of Charles Addams
 * 59) Little Lulu by John Stanley
 * 60) ''Alley Oop by V. T. Hamlin
 * 61) American Splendor #1–10 by Harvey Pekar and various
 * 62) Little Orphan Annie by Harold Gray
 * 63) Hey Look! by Harvey Kurtzman
 * 64) Goodman Beaver by Harvey Kurtzman and Bill Elder
 * 65) Bringing Up Father by George McManus
 * 66) Zippy the Pinhead by Bill Griffith
 * 67) The Passport by Saul Steinberg
 * 68) Barnaby by Crockett Johnson
 * 69) God's Man by Lynd Ward
 * 70) Jimbo by Gary Panter
 * 71) The Book of Jim by Jim Woodring
 * 72) The short stories in Rubber Blanket by David Mazzucchelli
 * 73) The Cartoon History of the Universe by Larry Gonick
 * 74) Ernie Pook's Comeek by Lynda Barry
 * 75) Black Hole by Charles Burns
 * 76) The Master Race story by Bernard Krigstein and Al Feldstein
 * 77) Li'l Abner by Al Capp
 * 78) Sugar and Spike by Sheldon Mayer
 * 79) Captain Marvel by C. C. Beck
 * 80) Zap Comix by Robert Crumb and various
 * 81) The Lily stories (Daddy's Girl) by Debbie Drechsler
 * 82) Caricature by Daniel Clowes
 * 83) V for Vendetta by Alan Moore and David Lloyd
 * 84) Why I Hate Saturn by Kyle Baker
 * 85) The Willie and Joe cartoons of Bill Mauldin
 * 86) Stuck Rubber Baby by Howard Cruse
 * 87) The New Yorker cartoons of George Price
 * 88) Jack Kirby's Fourth World by Jack Kirby
 * 89) The autobiographical comics of Spain Rodriguez
 * 90) Mr. Punch by Neil Gaiman and Dave McKean
 * 91) Watchmen by Alan Moore and Dave Gibbons
 * 92) The "Pictopia" story by Alan Moore and Don Simpson
 * 93) Dennis the Menace by Hank Ketcham
 * 94) The humor comics of Basil Wolverton
 * 95) Los Tejanos by Jack Jackson (alias Jaxon)
 * 96) The Dirty Plotte series by Julie Doucet
 * 97) The Hannah Story by Carol Tyler
 * 98) Barney Google by Billy DeBeck
 * 99) The Bungle Family by Harry J. Tuthill
 * 100) Prince Valiant by Hal Foster

The Village Voice cited the survey's ad hoc criteria:
 * "Putting Bernard Krigstein and Al Feldstein's eight-page story "Master Race," Hal Foster's 34 years of work on Prince Valiant, Al Hirschfeld's theatrical caricatures, all the horror comics EC published in the first half of the '50s and Robert Crumb's sketchbooks in the same category suggests that they've cast their net a bit wide."

Among the controversial omissions to the Top 100 was Dave Sim's Cerebus series. Sim and the Journal had periodically found themselves at odds in the years preceding the list's formulation. Issue No. 213 included eight pages of responses to, and defenses of the list; Journal columnist R. Fiore wrote "Dave Sim must now think you have a personal vendetta against him," and co-publisher Kim Thompson conceded, "If I had to do it over again, I'd squash together the Hernandez material into two entries [and] put Cerebus and two other things in the vacant spots." Twelve years later, the omission was still being acknowledged by the Journal, which noted that Dave Sim's Cerebus "was conspicuously excluded."

Less surprisingly, given the magazine's longstanding editorial standards and preferences, the list was also light on the dominant genre of superhero comics. Editor and survey participant Tom Spurgeon wrote, "I voted for most of the men-in-spandex titles that made the list – Spider-Man, Fantastic Four, Plastic Man – despite the sheer lousiness of some of those works' contributing elements." Ultimately, the Top 100 included six superhero works, including the deconstructionist Watchmen. Frank Miller's The Dark Knight Returns was one well-regarded mainstream superhero project that was considered but ultimately not chosen, according to co-publisher Kim Thompson.